Q: Which equation correctly represents the relationship between partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) and blood pH?

$$\text{When } $$PCO_2$$ \uparrow, \text{ pH } \downarrow$$

Question 1

Which of the following is the primary source of water gain in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Digestive system

Question 2

A patient presents with severe dehydration. If water is lost but electrolytes are retained, what happens to the osmotic concentration of the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

ECF osmotic concentration rises

Question 3

Which hormone stimulates water conservation at the kidneys and promotes fluid intake by activating the hypothalamic thirst center?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 4

If the osmotic concentration of the ECF increases, what is the direction of water movement between the ECF and ICF?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from ICF to ECF

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) and blood pH?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{When } $$PCO_2$$ \uparrow, 	ext{ pH } \downarrow$$

Question 6

A patient with chronic renal failure is unable to eliminate excess water in urine. Which condition is most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

Hyperhydration

Question 7

Which buffer system is most important in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system

Question 8

What is the normal range for sodium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

$$140 	ext{ mEq/L}$$

Question 9

Which of the following conditions is characterized by abnormally low blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 10

A patient is experiencing hyperventilation. What acid-base disorder is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 11

Which hormone is released in response to abnormal stretching of heart walls and causes diuresis, reduced thirst, and inhibition of ADH and aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Natriuretic peptides

Question 12

What is the effect of aldosterone on sodium and water balance in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Increases sodium reabsorption and water retention

Question 13

Which of the following is a major cause of metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

Impaired H+ excretion at kidneys

Question 14

If a patient has a plasma calcium ion concentration of $$6.0 	ext{ mEq/L}$$, which condition is present?

Accepted Answer

Hypercalcemia

Question 15

Which equation represents the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid, catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightarrow H_2CO_3$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of severe hypokalemia (blood K+ \u003c $$2 	ext{ mEq/L}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Muscular weakness and paralysis

Question 17

Which buffer system is most important for buffering the pH of urine and intracellular fluid (ICF)?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate buffer system

Question 18

What is the effect of aging on fluid and acid-base balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Decreased body water content and reduced pH regulation

Question 19

Which of the following ions is the dominant cation in the intracellular fluid (ICF)?

Accepted Answer

Potassium (K+)

Question 20

A patient with excessive aldosterone secretion is most likely to develop which electrolyte disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance: Core Concepts and Homeostatic Mechanisms

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards