Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity in anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

The function of a body part always reflects its structure, and what a structure can do depends on its form.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that has damaged the sweat and oil glands. Which organ system is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Integumentary system

Question 3

Which directional term describes a structure that is closer to the midline of the body?

Accepted Answer

Medial

Question 4

A molecule of water is classified as which type of compound, and what property allows it to absorb and release heat without changing temperature rapidly?

Accepted Answer

Inorganic compound; high heat capacity

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct example of a prefix in medical terminology, and what does it usually indicate?

Accepted Answer

‘hyper-’; usually indicates status or number

Question 6

A patient is experiencing difficulty in maintaining posture and locomotion. Which organ system is most likely compromised?

Accepted Answer

Muscular system

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the effector in a homeostatic control mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Receives output from the control center and provides the means to respond

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids release hydrogen ions and bases have hydroxide ions.

Question 9

A scientist is studying the structure of cells under a microscope. Which branch of anatomy is being used?

Accepted Answer

Microscopic anatomy

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct order of levels of structural organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is a nucleic acid that is the primary energy storage mechanism, releasing energy from high energy phosphate bonds.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback loop in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Shivering to increase body temperature when cold.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about proteins?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made of chains of amino acids.

Question 14

A solution has a pH of 2. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is highly acidic.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It packages proteins and fats and ships them to other parts of the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Manufactures blood cells and stores minerals such as calcium

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

They are single sugar units such as glucose and fructose.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 19

A patient has a deficiency in sodium ions ($$Na^+). $$Which of the following is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Nerve impulse transmission

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in the body?

Accepted Answer

They are organic catalysts that speed up or facilitate chemical reactions in cells or organisms.

Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology: Medical Terminology, Structural Organization, and Basic Chemistry

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