Question 1

Which of the following best explains the analogy comparing the nervous system to a text message and the endocrine system to mailing a letter?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system transmits signals rapidly and directly to target cells, while the endocrine system releases hormones that travel slowly through the bloodstream to distant targets.

Question 2

Which of the following is the best definition of a hormone?

Accepted Answer

A chemical substance secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulates the metabolic function of other cells.

Question 3

Chemically, hormones belong chiefly to which two molecular groups?

Accepted Answer

Steroids and amino acid-based molecules

Question 4

What is a target cell?

Accepted Answer

A cell that responds to a specific hormone because it has receptors for that hormone.

Question 5

If hormones travel in the bloodstream, why don’t all tissues respond to all hormones?

Accepted Answer

Only tissues with specific receptors for a hormone will respond to that hormone.

Question 6

Which endocrine organ is located in the anterior neck and produces key hormones for metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 7

Which gland produces hormones that are stored in the posterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 8

Which hormone is released in response to stressors and is produced by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 9

Which hormone is directly involved in milk production and ejection?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin and oxytocin

Question 10

Which hormone regulates blood calcium levels and is produced by the parathyroid glands?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 11

Which hormone is released in excessive amounts in adults, resulting in large bones of the hands, feet, and face?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 12

A patient presents with nervousness, irregular pulse rate, and sweating. Which hormone is likely produced in excessive amounts?

Accepted Answer

T3/T4 (thyroid hormones)

Question 13

Which hormone is produced in inadequate amounts, resulting in tetany?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 14

Which cell type in the thyroid gland produces calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

Parafollicular cells

Question 15

Which cell type in the adrenal gland produces glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Zona fasciculata cells

Question 16

Which hormone is released in response to humoral factors (the concentration of specific nonhormonal substances in the blood)?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 17

A patient with a tumor of the adrenal medulla (pheochromocytoma) is likely to experience which symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension, rapid heart rate, and excessive sweating

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle and is produced by the ovaries?

Accepted Answer

Estrogens and progesterone

Question 19

Which hormone is released in response to another hormone (tropic stimulation)?

Accepted Answer

TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)

Question 20

Which structure in the adrenal gland is responsible for producing mineralocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Zona glomerulosa

Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands – ANP Study Guidance

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