Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient is unable to consciously move their right arm, but their heart rate and digestion remain unaffected. Which division of the nervous system is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

Which type of neuroglia is responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

A virus uses retrograde axonal transport to reach the neuron cell body. Which direction does this transport occur?

Accepted Answer

Toward the cell body

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct structural and functional pairing for neurons?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neurons – most are interneurons in the CNS

Question 6

Which neuroglia cell type is primarily responsible for 'mopping up' leaked potassium ions and recycling neurotransmitters in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 7

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand. Which sequence correctly describes the flow of information?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → integration → motor output

Question 8

Which of the following statements about myelination is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission

Question 9

Which equation best represents the relationship between the speed of nerve impulse conduction ($$v$$), axon diameter ($$d$$), and myelination?

Accepted Answer

$$v \propto d$$ and is increased by myelination

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as phagocytes, removing debris and pathogens

Question 11

A patient has damage to the dorsal root ganglia. Which type of neuron is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) sensory neurons

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct distinction between a nerve and a tract?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a bundle of axons in the PNS; a tract is a bundle of axons in the CNS

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why neurons have an exceptionally high metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

They require continuous and abundant supplies of oxygen and glucose

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the axon hillock?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where action potentials are typically initiated

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 16

A researcher is studying the regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers. Which cell type is most critical for this process?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct functional classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neurons transmit impulses toward the CNS

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between nuclei and ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are collections of neuron cell bodies in the CNS; ganglia are in the PNS

Question 19

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of neurons compared to most other cell types?

Accepted Answer

They are amitotic and cannot divide after differentiation

Question 20

A patient presents with a demyelinating disease affecting the CNS. Which cell type is most likely being targeted by the disease?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards