Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events in the nervous system when you touch a hot object and quickly withdraw your hand?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → Integration → Motor output

Question 2

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting impulses from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

A patient has damage to the oligodendrocytes in their central nervous system. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased speed of nerve impulse transmission in the CNS

Question 4

Which neuroglial cell is primarily responsible for supporting neurons and regulating the chemical environment in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Question 5

Which of the following statements about myelin sheaths is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission

Question 6

A neuron with one axon and two or more dendrites extending from the cell body is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Multipolar

Question 7

Which type of neuron is most commonly found as sensory (afferent) neurons in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron

Question 8

If a patient has a demyelinating disease affecting Schwann cells, which of the following would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Conduction velocity of action potentials in the peripheral nervous system

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of dendrites in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Receptive region that conveys incoming messages toward the cell body

Question 10

A person is unable to move their skeletal muscles voluntarily after a spinal cord injury. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between conduction velocity ($$v$$), axon diameter ($$d$$), and myelination in a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

$$v \propto d$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Form myelin sheaths around axons

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than nonmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction between nodes of Ranvier

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the organization of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system is responsible for integration and control

Question 15

A neuron is unable to synthesize neurotransmitters due to a defect in its cell body. Which cellular function is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the axon hillock in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Region where action potentials are initiated

Question 17

Which of the following neuron types is most commonly associated with the transmission of impulses from the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes can myelinate multiple axons, Schwann cells only one

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the enteric nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the function of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 20

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the skin but normal muscle function. Which type of neuron is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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