Q: Which equation correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

$$3\ \text{Na}^+\ \text{out},\ 2\ \text{K}^+\ \text{in}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the change in membrane potential during depolarization?

$$V_{m} \rightarrow 0\ \text{or above}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form a barrier between capillaries and neurons and control the chemical environment of the brain.

Question 2

A patient with multiple sclerosis is experiencing muscle weakness and vision problems. Which cellular structure is most directly affected in this disease?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ 	ext{Na}^+\ 	ext{out},\ 2\ 	ext{K}^+\ 	ext{in}$$

Question 4

Which neuron type is most likely to transmit impulses from sensory receptors toward the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron

Question 5

During the propagation of an action potential in a myelinated axon, the electrical signal 'jumps' from one node of Ranvier to the next. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Question 6

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily inhibitory and is associated with mood, anxiety, sleep, and appetite?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 7

A nerve fiber classified as Group A would most likely:

Accepted Answer

Have a large diameter, be myelinated, and transmit impulses at 150 m/s.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the CNS can distinguish between a weak and a strong stimulus?

Accepted Answer

By the frequency of action potentials.

Question 9

Which of the following events occurs first during the transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Ca$$^{2+}$$ channels open and Ca$$^{2+}$$ enters the axon terminal.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)?

Accepted Answer

They result from the simultaneous flow of Na$$^+$$ and K$$^+$$, with Na$$^+$$ influx greater than K$$^+$$ efflux.

Question 11

Which structural classification of neuron is most common in the human body and is found in all motor and interneurons?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Dispose of debris through phagocytosis

Question 13

Which equation best represents the change in membrane potential during depolarization?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{m} ightarrow 0\ 	ext{or above}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for terminating neurotransmitter effects at a synapse?

Accepted Answer

Continuous stimulation of postsynaptic receptors

Question 15

A child is diagnosed with neuroblastoma. Which statement is most accurate regarding this disorder?

Accepted Answer

It is a malignant tumor usually occurring in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter is associated with Parkinson’s disease due to its decreased secretion?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of summation in synaptic integration?

Accepted Answer

EPSPs and IPSPs can combine to influence whether an action potential is generated.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the developmental aspects of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Brain growth ends in young adulthood and neurons die throughout life.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of cocaine and amphetamines on norepinephrine (NE) neurotransmission?

Accepted Answer

They increase the release of NE and block its reuptake, causing overstimulation.

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of endorphins?

Accepted Answer

They bind to opioid receptors and inhibit release of pain-transmitting neurotransmitters.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: ANP Study Notes

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