Q: Which of the following is TRUE regarding the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

The resting membrane potential is typically around $$-70\ \text{mV}.$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

They support and brace neurons, regulate exchanges between capillaries and neurons, and control the chemical environment.

Question 2

A patient presents with numbness in their fingers after exposure to cold. Which mechanism best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Cold blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels, interrupting action potential propagation.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents Ohm’s law as applied to neuronal membrane potentials?

Accepted Answer

$$I = \frac{V}{R}$$

Question 4

Which type of neuron is most abundant in the human body and is the major neuron type in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 5

During the propagation of an action potential in a myelinated axon, which process allows the electrical signal to 'jump' from node to node?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It pumps three Na+ out of the cell and two K+ in.

Question 7

A neurotransmitter binds to a postsynaptic membrane and opens chemically gated channels, allowing Na+ influx and K+ efflux. What is the likely result?

Accepted Answer

A depolarizing graded potential called an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Question 8

Which glial cell is responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 9

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) is experiencing slowed nerve impulse conduction. Which cellular structure is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths in the CNS

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials are localized and decay over distance, while action potentials are propagated without decay.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytizing microorganisms and neuronal debris

Question 12

Which structural class of neuron is most commonly associated with sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of an IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potential) on a postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

It hyperpolarizes the membrane, decreasing the likelihood of an action potential.

Question 14

Which of the following neurotransmitters is typically excitatory at neuromuscular junctions but inhibitory in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 15

Which type of neural circuit is most likely involved in reflexes, where a particular stimulus always causes the same response?

Accepted Answer

Serial processing circuit (reflex arc)

Question 16

Which process describes the movement of molecules and organelles from the cell body toward the axon terminals?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde transport

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

The resting membrane potential is typically around $$-70\ 	ext{mV}.$$

Question 18

Which glial cell is vital to the regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why action potentials are propagated in only one direction along an axon?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na+ channels are inactivated in the region just behind the action potential.

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct (fast) action of a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Binding directly to ligand-gated ion channels and altering membrane potential

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue – Study Notes

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