Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

They support and brace neurons, regulate the chemical environment, and help guide neuron migration.

Question 2

A patient is given a local anesthetic during a dental procedure. The anesthetic works by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels. What is the most direct effect of this drug on neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits the generation and propagation of action potentials along the axon.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents Ohm’s law as it applies to neuronal membrane potentials?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I R$$

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of action potentials in myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

The electrical signal jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next, a process called saltatory conduction.

Question 5

A neuron receives two simultaneous excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) from different presynaptic neurons. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Spatial summation

Question 6

Which of the following neurotransmitters is classified as a biogenic amine and is primarily involved in mood regulation and the sleep-wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 7

During the repolarization phase of an action potential, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated potassium channels open and potassium exits the cell.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why multiple sclerosis (MS) leads to muscle weakness and loss of coordination?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of myelin sheaths in the CNS slows or blocks action potential conduction.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They are short-lived, localized changes in membrane potential that decrease with distance.

Question 10

A patient is exposed to a toxin that increases the permeability of neuronal membranes to potassium ions at rest. What is the most likely effect on the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The resting membrane potential becomes more negative (hyperpolarized).

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around axons and assist in nerve regeneration.

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct (fast) action of a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Binding directly to and opening ligand-gated ion channels

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain the resting membrane potential by moving three sodium ions out and two potassium ions in.

Question 14

Which type of neural circuit is responsible for amplifying a signal, such as when one motor neuron activates several muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Diverging circuit

Question 15

A patient with a spinal cord injury loses the ability to consciously move their legs but can still feel sensations in them. Which division of the nervous system is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor division

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between an EPSP and an IPSP?

Accepted Answer

EPSPs increase the likelihood of an action potential, while IPSPs decrease it.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They are found entirely within the CNS and integrate sensory and motor information.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why graded potentials decay with distance, while action potentials do not?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials are self-propagating due to the opening of voltage-gated ion channels.

Question 19

Which of the following neurotransmitters acts as a natural opiate, reducing pain perception?

Accepted Answer

Endorphins

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards