Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To integrate sensory input and coordinate motor output.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness and impaired coordination. MRI reveals demyelination in the CNS. Which glial cell is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 3

Which of the following statements about neurons is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Neurons are capable of frequent mitosis throughout adulthood.

Question 4

Which type of neuron is most abundant in the human body and is responsible for integration within the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Interneuron

Question 5

A nerve impulse travels fastest along which type of axon?

Accepted Answer

Large diameter, myelinated axon

Question 6

Which equation best represents the relationship between conduction velocity ($$v$$), axon diameter ($$d$$), and myelination?

Accepted Answer

$$v \propto d ($$myelinated) \u003e v \propto \sqrt{d}$ (unmyelinated)

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regeneration of axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration depends on the presence of neurilemma and the distance to the effector.

Question 8

Which glial cell is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier and regulating neurotransmitter levels in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Question 9

A patient with Guillain-Barre Syndrome is experiencing muscle weakness. Which of the following best explains the underlying pathology?

Accepted Answer

Demyelination of peripheral nerves due to inflammation

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the flow of information in a typical reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of multipolar neurons?

Accepted Answer

They have many dendrites and one axon.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction, where impulses jump between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of neuroglial cells?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting electrical impulses

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A neuron is a single cell, while a nerve is a bundle of axons in the PNS.

Question 15

Which of the following neural circuits is responsible for amplifying a signal to multiple effectors, such as in the stretch reflex?

Accepted Answer

Diverging circuit

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the hippocampus in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It is involved in memory processing and contains neural stem cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the gray and white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter is external to gray matter in the brain and contains myelinated axons.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They circulate cerebrospinal fluid in the CNS.

Question 19

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that damages only the axons, but leaves the neurilemma intact. What is the most likely outcome in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

The axons may regenerate if the distance to the effector is not too great.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between the somatic and autonomic motor divisions?

Accepted Answer

The somatic division is voluntary and controls skeletal muscle; the autonomic division is involuntary and controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards