Question 1

Which structure is indicated by the yellow lines running down the back in the first image, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Spinal cord; serves as a two-way conduction pathway to and from the brain

Question 2

In the second image, which cell type is shown interacting with capillaries, and what is one of its main functions?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte; regulates the chemical environment around neurons and supports the blood-brain barrier

Question 3

The third image shows cells lining a cavity with cilia. What is the primary function of these cells?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells; circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with their cilia

Question 4

In the fourth image, which cell type is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 5

The fifth image shows a neuron with many branching processes. What are these processes called, and what is their main function?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites; receive incoming signals from other neurons

Question 6

The sixth image illustrates the process of myelination in the PNS. Which cell type is responsible for this process?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between myelinated and nonmyelinated axons as shown in the images?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons conduct impulses faster due to saltatory conduction

Question 8

Based on the neuron classification tables, which neuron type is most abundant in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 9

Which type of ion channel is shown opening in response to a neurotransmitter in the image with purple channels?

Accepted Answer

Chemically gated (ligand-gated) ion channel

Question 10

In the image comparing electrical and chemical synapses, which type of synapse allows for direct cytoplasmic communication between neurons?

Accepted Answer

Electrical synapse

Question 11

Which neural circuit pattern, as shown in the images, is responsible for rhythmic activities such as breathing?

Accepted Answer

Reverberating circuit

Question 12

Which neural circuit pattern is best for amplifying a signal to many outputs, such as activating multiple muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Diverging circuit

Question 13

Which neural circuit pattern is best for integrating information from multiple sources, such as sensory input from different modalities?

Accepted Answer

Converging circuit

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents Ohm’s Law as it applies to the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the rapid conduction of action potentials in myelinated axons, as shown in the images?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions