Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To control and communicate information rapidly and specifically via electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

Which type of neuroglia is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

A virus uses retrograde axonal transport to reach the neuron cell body. Which of the following is a real-life example of this process?

Accepted Answer

Rabies virus traveling to the CNS

Question 5

Which of the following statements about myelinated fibers is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are surrounded by a segmented sheath that increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They support and brace neurons, regulate the chemical environment, and participate in information processing

Question 7

A neuron with a single T-like process that divides into proximal and distal branches is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar)

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter is composed of myelinated fibers, while gray matter contains mostly neuron cell bodies and non-myelinated fibers

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder that impairs the function of Schwann cells. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Slower nerve impulse transmission in the peripheral nervous system

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuron type and function?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neurons – primary sensory neurons in the PNS

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why neurons have a high metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

They require a continuous supply of oxygen and glucose to maintain their function

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytizing microorganisms and neuronal debris

Question 14

A researcher is studying the transport of mitochondria along an axon. Which type of axonal transport is responsible for moving mitochondria away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde transport

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between tracts and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Tracts are bundles of neuron processes in the CNS, while nerves are in the PNS

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the number of axons myelinated and the number of oligodendrocytes in the CNS, if each oligodendrocyte can myelinate up to 60 axons?

Accepted Answer

$$n_{axons} = 60 	imes n_{oligodendrocytes}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to neurons compared to neuroglia?

Accepted Answer

Ability to transmit electrical signals over long distances

Question 18

A patient presents with muscle weakness and loss of voluntary control. Which part of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of dendrites in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

They receive incoming signals and convey them toward the cell body as graded potentials

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

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