Question 1

Which type of neuroglial cell is primarily responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 2

A patient suffers from a demyelinating disease affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Which cell type is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the ionic composition and electrical balance of extracellular fluids.

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding action potentials in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Their intensity is determined by the frequency of impulses.

Question 5

A neuron receives a stimulus that does not reach threshold. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A graded potential occurs, but no action potential is generated.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as specialized macrophages, removing foreign and degenerative products.

Question 7

Which structure in the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 8

A researcher is studying the movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. Which neuroglial cell type is most directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than non-myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct pairing of structure and function in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus – aggregation of cell bodies in the CNS

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between phasic and tonic receptors?

Accepted Answer

Phasic receptors generate graded potentials proportional to stimulus magnitude, while tonic receptors are always active but only fire when a threshold is reached.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the terminal arborization of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Generating action potentials

Question 13

A patient has a lesion that destroys oligodendrocytes in the CNS. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Loss of myelination in the CNS

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the direction of nerve impulse transmission at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

From presynaptic to postsynaptic neuron

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the speed of nerve impulse conduction ($$v$$), axon diameter ($$d$$), and myelination?

Accepted Answer

$$v \propto d$$ and is increased by myelination$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of satellite cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the external chemical environment of neurons

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the node of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

It is a gap in the myelin sheath that facilitates saltatory conduction.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They decrease in magnitude with distance from the stimulus.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line the central cranial and spinal cavities and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 20

A neuron is classified as pseudounipolar. Which of the following best describes its structure?

Accepted Answer

It has a cell body set off to one side of the axon.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System: Structure and Function

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