Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the afferent (sensory) division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Conducts impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS

Question 2

A patient presents with a loss of voluntary muscle control but retains involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for producing the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of information in a typical neural pathway?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Anchor neurons to blood vessels and help form the blood-brain barrier

Question 6

A virus travels from the synaptic terminal toward the cell body of a neuron. Which type of axoplasmic transport is being utilized?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde flow

Question 7

Which structural type of neuron is most commonly found as sensory (afferent) neurons in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the organization of gray and white matter in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter consists of neuron cell bodies, while white matter consists of myelinated axons

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Form the myelin sheath around axons and aid in axonal regeneration

Question 10

A patient has a tumor affecting the ependymal cells lining the ventricles of the brain. Which of the following functions is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of heart rate and glandular secretion

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytose pathogens and debris

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of a typical multipolar neuron?

Accepted Answer

It has multiple dendrites and a single axon

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct nerve impulses more rapidly than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction, where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuroglial cell and its function?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte – produces myelin in the CNS

Question 16

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand. Which type of neuron is responsible for relaying the impulse from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Interneuron

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the perineurium in a peripheral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Surrounds each fascicle (bundle of axons) within a nerve

Question 18

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Prepares the body for heightened activity ('fight or flight')

Question 19

Which of the following statements about ganglia is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ganglia are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of satellite cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia and regulate their microenvironment

Fundamentals of the Nervous System: Structure and Function

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