Question 1

Which structure within the neuron cell body is responsible for protein synthesis and is labeled as 'Nissl substance' in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

In the context of myelination, which cell type forms the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 3

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by which pathological change in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of myelin sheath in CNS

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

It insulates axons and speeds up action potential conduction.

Question 5

Which equation correctly relates current ($$I$$), voltage ($$V$$), and resistance ($$R) in a $$neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 6

A neuron receives a stimulus that causes a localized change in membrane potential, which quickly dissipates and does not reach threshold. What is this change called?

Accepted Answer

Graded potential

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Forming the myelin sheath

Question 8

What is the primary difference between a nerve and a tract?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a bundle of axons in the PNS, while a tract is a bundle of axons in the CNS.

Question 9

Which type of neuron is most abundant in the human nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Interneurons (association neurons)

Question 10

During the propagation of an action potential, what is the role of local currents?

Accepted Answer

They depolarize adjacent membrane areas, triggering action potentials in the next segment.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next.

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of the absolute refractory period?

Accepted Answer

No action potential can be generated, regardless of stimulus strength.

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is classified as a biogenic amine and is involved in mood regulation?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of neurotransmitter removal from the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitter is degraded by enzymes, reuptake by cells, or diffuses away.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It moves Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell, using ATP.

Question 16

A neuron receives several excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in rapid succession from the same presynaptic neuron. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 17

Which of the following is a structural classification of neurons that has one axon and multiple dendrites?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 18

Which type of ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channel

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the resting membrane potential in neurons?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the membrane is more negative than the outside.

Question 20

If a neuron is exposed to a substance that blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels, what will happen to the action potential?

Accepted Answer

The neuron will not be able to generate an action potential.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System: Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards