Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 2

Which of the following statements about complementary base pairing in DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds

Question 3

Which process is responsible for converting the nucleotide sequence of mRNA into an amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 4

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

DNA helicase

Question 5

A mutation occurs during DNA replication. Which of the following best describes a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

Mutations can cause genetic variation, cancer, or have no effect

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the concept of alternative splicing?

Accepted Answer

It allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins by rearranging exons

Question 8

A cell is observed to have 23 pairs of chromosomes. What term best describes this cell?

Accepted Answer

Diploid

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of codominance in human genetics?

Accepted Answer

ABO blood type where both A and B alleles are expressed

Question 10

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle determines whether a cell proceeds from G1 to S phase?

Accepted Answer

Start or G1 checkpoint

Question 11

A woman is a carrier for a recessive X-linked trait. What is the probability that her son will express the trait if the father does not carry the allele?

Accepted Answer

50%

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of chaperone proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They guide the folding of newly synthesized proteins into correct shapes

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of tumor-suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

They block the development of cancer

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why color blindness is more common in males?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will be expressed

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Eye color

Question 16

Which of the following best describes semiconservative DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old and one new strand

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene mutation causing darkening of skin, sclera, and urine in alkaptonuria

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They phosphorylate other proteins to regulate cell cycle events

Question 19

Which of the following is a mechanism of epigenetic change?

Accepted Answer

DNA methylation

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a carcinoma. Which tissue type is the origin of this cancer?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Genes and Cellular Function: DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis, and Cell Division

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