Question 1

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the plasma membrane, and why is this property essential for membrane function?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, which allows the membrane to form a bilayer that separates intracellular and extracellular environments.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink because water moves out of the cell to the area of higher solute concentration.

Question 3

Which of the following transport processes requires energy directly from ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 4

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins destined for secretion or for use in the plasma membrane

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cells that absorb nutrients rapidly, such as those in the small intestine, have abundant microvilli?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli increase the cell's surface area, enhancing absorption efficiency.

Question 6

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the significance of this process?

Accepted Answer

S phase; it ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 8

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

The cell will accumulate waste and damaged organelles, leading to cellular dysfunction.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes translate mRNA into a specific amino acid sequence to build proteins.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cellular movement

Question 11

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. What type of solution is this, and why does this occur?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; water moves into the cell because the solute concentration is lower outside the cell.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to transport substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the nucleus is necessary for the long-term survival of a cell?

Accepted Answer

It stores the cell's genetic information and coordinates activities such as growth and reproduction.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 16

Which process is illustrated by the movement of large particles into a cell via pseudopods, as seen in immune cells engulfing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between chromatin, chromosomes, and sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is condensed into chromosomes during cell division, and each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined at a centromere.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses the energy stored in an ion gradient established by primary active transport.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembles ribosome subunits.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription in the nucleus, translation in the cytoplasm

Guided Study for Chapter 3: The Cell (Anatomy & Physiology)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards