Question 1

Which layer of the neocortex is most prominent in the primary visual cortex, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Layer IV; it is the site of sensory input.

Question 2

A patient with damage to Broca’s area would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing speech, but understanding words.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of conscious mind, including awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, and understanding.

Question 4

Which diagnostic procedure is most commonly used to localize brain lesions that generate seizures?

Accepted Answer

PET scan

Question 5

Which brain wave pattern is most likely to be observed in an adult during deep sleep?

Accepted Answer

Delta waves

Question 6

A person who is alert, motivated, and aroused is most likely to transfer information from short-term memory (STM) to long-term memory (LTM) due to which factor?

Accepted Answer

Emotional state

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Temporary paralysis except for rapid eye movements.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the clinical significance of EEG in diagnosing brain disorders?

Accepted Answer

EEG records electrical activity that accompanies brain function and can localize lesions, tumors, infarcts, infections, and abscesses.

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the frequency of brain waves measured by EEG?

Accepted Answer

$$f = \frac{N}{t}$$, where $$f is $$frequency in Hz, $$N is $$number of peaks, and $$t is $$time in seconds.

Question 10

A patient with bilateral destruction of the hippocampus is most likely to experience which type of amnesia?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia

Question 11

Which of the following statements about Alzheimer’s disease is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is characterized by plaques of beta-amyloid peptides and neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in sleep regulation?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a biological clock regulating the timing of sleep cycles.

Question 13

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of sleep deprivation?

Accepted Answer

Increased time spent in REM and slow-wave sleep during subsequent sleep episodes.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the effect of Parkinson’s disease on the basal nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Basal nuclei become deprived of dopamine and become overactive, resulting in tremors at rest.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of Huntington’s disease?

Accepted Answer

It is a fatal hereditary disorder caused by accumulation of huntingtin protein in brain cells.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the function of the glymphatic system during sleep?

Accepted Answer

It aids in washing out waste products from the brain, including those associated with Alzheimer’s disease.

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for narcolepsy?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of orexins by the patient’s immune system.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between declarative and procedural memory?

Accepted Answer

Declarative memory involves facts and events, while procedural memory involves skills and habits.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the lateralization of cortical function?

Accepted Answer

Specialization of cortical function can occur in only one hemisphere.

Higher Cortical Functions and Disorders of the Nervous System

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