Question 1

Which of the following best describes the absolute refractory period in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is the period during which no stimulus, no matter how strong, can initiate another action potential.

Question 2

Saltatory conduction is faster than continuous conduction because:

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next, skipping myelinated regions.

Question 3

If the permeability of sodium ions ($$\mathrm{Na^+}) $$was blocked in a neuron, what would be the most immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

The neuron would be unable to initiate an action potential.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin.

Question 5

A person eats a candy bar, causing their blood glucose to rise sharply. Which of the following best describes the body's response according to negative feedback?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas releases insulin to lower blood glucose to normal levels.

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates a positive feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Increased uterine contractions during childbirth due to oxytocin release.

Question 7

What would happen if myelination of axons was insufficient?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction would be impaired, slowing neural transmission.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the components of a negative feedback system?

Accepted Answer

Sensor → Control Center → Effector

Question 9

During exercise, body temperature rises. Thermoreceptors detect this change and initiate sweating. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 10

Feedforward control differs from feedback control in that:

Accepted Answer

Feedforward control anticipates a change and initiates a response before the change occurs.

Question 11

If sodium and potassium concentrations were equalized across a neuron's membrane, what would be the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The neuron would be unable to generate action potentials.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

Forming myelin sheaths in the central nervous system.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the effector in a negative feedback system?

Accepted Answer

It produces a response to return the variable to its set point.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of feedforward control?

Accepted Answer

Heart rate increases in anticipation of a race starting.

Question 15

Which of the following is a physiological example of positive feedback?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting cascade

Question 16

A patient has a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of oligodendrocytes. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction in the central nervous system

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why sweating is considered a negative feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

It opposes the initial rise in body temperature by promoting heat loss.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct order of body organization from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Chemical → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely occur if the negative feedback system regulating blood pressure failed?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure could rise uncontrollably, leading to damage of blood vessels.

Homeostasis and Neural Physiology: Key Concepts and Control Systems

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