Question 1

Which of the following hormones is classified as a peptide hormone and is synthesized as a prohormone before being activated?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 2

A patient is given a drug that causes upregulation of hormone receptors on target cells. What is the most likely effect on the cell's sensitivity to that hormone over time?

Accepted Answer

The cell's sensitivity will increase.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the chemical structure of steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They are derived from cholesterol.

Question 4

A patient with a tumor in the anterior pituitary gland is producing excess ACTH. Which endocrine organ will be directly affected by this hormone?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal cortex

Question 5

Which hormone is a derivative of tryptophan and is involved in regulating circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 6

If the hypothalamus stops producing releasing hormones (RH), what is the most likely effect on the anterior pituitary and its target organs?

Accepted Answer

Decreased hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of hormone regulation involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and a target organ?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus → Pituitary gland → Target organ

Question 8

Which of the following hormones is NOT derived from tyrosine?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 9

A patient has a genetic mutation that prevents the synthesis of cholesterol. Which class of hormones would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the concept of negative feedback in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

A hormone inhibits the release of a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus.

Question 11

Which hormone is released from the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

TSH

Question 12

Which of the following is a lipid derivative hormone involved in inflammation and pain signaling?

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandin

Question 13

If a target cell undergoes downregulation of its hormone receptors, what is the expected physiological outcome?

Accepted Answer

Decreased sensitivity to the hormone

Question 14

Which of the following is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary and involved in reproductive function?

Accepted Answer

FSH

Question 15

A patient with hypothyroidism is found to have low levels of TSH. Which endocrine organ is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Anterior pituitary

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of releasing hormones (RH) produced by the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate hormone release from the anterior pituitary.

Question 17

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

ACTH

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback loop in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

High levels of thyroid hormones inhibit TSH release from the pituitary.

Question 19

Which hormone is a short polypeptide and is involved in glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of upregulation of hormone receptors on a target cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell becomes more sensitive to the hormone.

Hormones and Endocrine Regulation: Structure, Function, and Feedback

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