Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of gastrulation during human development?

Accepted Answer

Migration and rearrangement of cells to form the trilaminar embryonic disc with three germ layers

Question 2

During the embryonic period, which germ layer gives rise to the nervous system and epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm

Question 3

A woman is diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The conceptus implants and grows in a location other than the uterus, most commonly the uterine tube

Question 4

Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum and uterine lining during early pregnancy, and is the basis for most pregnancy tests?

Accepted Answer

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 5

During fetal circulation, which structure allows blood to bypass the nonfunctional fetal lungs by connecting the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?

Accepted Answer

Ductus arteriosus

Question 6

A newborn is evaluated using the Apgar score. Which of the following criteria is NOT included in the Apgar scoring system?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose level

Question 7

Which extraembryonic membrane is the source of the first blood cells and germ cells, and contributes to the formation of the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Yolk sac

Question 8

A couple is concerned about passing on sickle-cell anemia to their child. If both parents are heterozygous (Ss), what is the probability that their child will have sickle-cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

25%

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why males are more likely to express X-linked recessive disorders such as color blindness?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will cause the disorder

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world example of a teratogen causing congenital disorders during the embryonic period?

Accepted Answer

Thalidomide, which caused limb malformations in infants

Question 11

During labor, which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions and is involved in a positive feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of Wharton’s Jelly in the umbilical cord?

Accepted Answer

Insulates and protects the umbilical vessels

Question 13

A woman in her first trimester of pregnancy is experiencing morning sickness. Which hormone is most likely contributing to this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the diploid chromosome number in humans after fertilization?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 15

If a child inherits the genotype $$I^A I^B$$ for the ABO blood group, what will their blood type be?

Accepted Answer

Type AB

Question 16

Which stage of labor is characterized by the full dilation of the cervix and the delivery of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

Expulsion stage

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the placenta during fetal development?

Accepted Answer

Site of exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes between mother and fetus

Question 18

A newborn is diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus. What is the main physiological consequence of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen-poor blood mixes with oxygen-rich blood, increasing pulmonary blood pressure

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype is the physical expression of a trait

Human Development and Heredity: Structured Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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