Question 1

Which of the following best describes the positive feedback mechanism involved in labor and childbirth?

Accepted Answer

The baby's movement into the birth canal excites baroreceptors in the cervix, leading to increased oxytocin release and stronger uterine contractions.

Question 2

During the first breath after birth, what is the primary physiological trigger that initiates respiration in the newborn?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of carbon dioxide in the baby's blood, causing acidosis

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the milk let-down reflex, and what is its mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin; causes contraction of myoepithelial cells to eject milk from the alveoli

Question 4

A newborn is assessed one minute after birth and receives an Apgar score of 6. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The infant has some physiological problems and may require medical attention.

Question 5

Which of the following is a direct effect of the hormone relaxin during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Relaxes pelvic ligaments and the symphysis pubis to facilitate childbirth

Question 6

A pregnant woman is advised to increase her caloric intake. According to the study materials, how many additional calories per day are typically needed to sustain proper fetal growth?

Accepted Answer

$$300$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why premature infants often have difficulty keeping their lungs inflated?

Accepted Answer

Surfactant production occurs late in prenatal development, so premature infants may not have enough surfactant.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a typical anatomical change experienced by the mother during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Decreased vascularization of reproductive organs

Question 9

Which event marks the beginning of the expulsion stage of labor?

Accepted Answer

Full dilation of the cervix

Question 10

A couple are both heterozygous for the tongue-rolling trait (Tt). What is the probability that their child will be unable to roll their tongue?

Accepted Answer

$$25\%$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the glucose-sparing effect of human placental lactogen (HPL) during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Maternal cells metabolize more fatty acids and less glucose, sparing glucose for the fetus.

Question 12

Which of the following is a consequence of increased blood volume during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Impaired venous return from the lower limbs, possibly resulting in varicose veins

Question 13

Which of the following statements about alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles are expressed when present in either single or double dose.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the neonatal period is considered a critical time for the infant?

Accepted Answer

The infant must independently regulate breathing, temperature, and nutrient acquisition.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of colostrum?

Accepted Answer

Supplies IgA antibodies to help protect the infant’s digestive tract

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in the positive feedback mechanism of labor?

Accepted Answer

It sends efferent impulses to the posterior pituitary to release oxytocin.

Question 17

Which of the following is a likely outcome if a pregnant woman consumes excessive calories beyond the recommended amount?

Accepted Answer

The mother may experience excessive weight gain, which can lead to complications.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the mother’s respiratory rate increases during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

To meet the increased oxygen needs of both the mother and the fetus.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct result of the positive feedback mechanism during the milk let-down reflex?

Accepted Answer

Ejection of milk from the mammary alveoli into the ducts

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the importance of genetic variation produced by meiosis and fertilization?

Accepted Answer

It provides the raw material for natural selection in populations.

Human Development, Birth, and Heredity: ANPH 8101 Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards