Question 1

A cell containing 10% glucose is placed in a solution containing 80% glucose. What is the percentage of water outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

20%

Question 2

Given the same scenario, what is the percentage of water inside the cell?

Accepted Answer

90%

Question 3

Will osmosis occur if a cell with 10% glucose is placed in a solution with 80% glucose?

Accepted Answer

Yes, because there is a water concentration gradient.

Question 4

In the scenario above, in which direction will water move?

Accepted Answer

Out of the cell

Question 5

What will happen to the cell when placed in the 80% glucose solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink

Question 6

The cell in the 80% glucose solution is in what type of solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 7

Where on the neuron would you most likely find voltage-gated sodium channels?

Accepted Answer

B (axon)

Question 8

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, what is the state of the voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels?

Accepted Answer

Na+ channels open, K+ channels closed

Question 9

Which structure is primarily responsible for transferring a signal through the muscle cell?

Accepted Answer

T tubule

Question 10

In the hypothalamus-pituitary endocrine pathway, what is the role of the structure labeled 'A'?

Accepted Answer

Sensor

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic neuron in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 12

If the extracellular fluid (ECF) has a higher concentration of potassium than the intracellular fluid (ICF), in which direction will potassium move if a channel opens?

Accepted Answer

From ECF to ICF

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Regulates calcium ion release

Question 14

During the repolarization phase of an action potential, what is the state of the voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels?

Accepted Answer

Na+ channels inactivate, K+ channels open

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct result of the negative feedback mechanism in the hypothalamus-pituitary-endocrine axis?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of hormone secretion by the hypothalamus

Question 16

Which of the following structures is directly involved in the mechanics of contraction in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 17

If a neuron’s axon is damaged, which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of action potentials to the next cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of voltage-gated calcium channels at the axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

Trigger neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of sodium ions during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions move from ECF to ICF during depolarization

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of a hypertonic solution on a red blood cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink

Human Physiology Exam Review – Osmosis, Neuron Structure, Action Potentials, Skeletal Muscle, and Endocrine Pathways

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