Question 1

Which process is responsible for the formation of haploid gametes in humans, and what is the chromosome number in these gametes?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis; 23 chromosomes

Question 2

During embryonic development, which duct system develops into male internal reproductive structures under the influence of testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Wolffian duct

Question 3

What is the primary function of the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?

Accepted Answer

Support and nourishment of developing sperm cells

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation in the female menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 5

If the sperm contributes a Y chromosome during fertilization, what will be the chromosomal sex of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

XY (male)

Question 6

Which structure in the male reproductive system is responsible for storing and maturing sperm?

Accepted Answer

Epididymis

Question 7

What is the function of the acrosome in the sperm cell during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Contains enzymes to digest the zona pellucida

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum to maintain the uterine lining in early pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 9

What is the primary difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis in terms of the number of gametes produced?

Accepted Answer

Spermatogenesis produces four sperm per cycle; oogenesis produces one ovum per cycle

Question 10

Which event marks the completion of meiosis II in the oocyte?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization by a sperm

Question 11

What is the physiological mechanism of the fast block to polyspermy?

Accepted Answer

Opening of Na+ channels and depolarization of the oocyte membrane

Question 12

Which extraembryonic membrane is primarily responsible for gas and nutrient exchange between the mother and fetus?

Accepted Answer

Chorion

Question 13

During labor, which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary to stimulate uterine contractions?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 14

Which fetal circulatory structure allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit by connecting the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?

Accepted Answer

Ductus arteriosus

Question 15

What is the main role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in early pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Maintains the corpus luteum and its hormone production

Question 16

Which germ layer formed during gastrulation gives rise to the nervous system and skin?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the restoration of the diploid state during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 18

A patient presents with severe abdominal pain and internal bleeding at 2.5 months gestation. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Tubal (ectopic) pregnancy

Question 19

Which hormone is involved in the negative feedback regulation of GnRH and FSH secretion in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Inhibin

Question 20

During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle, which hormone is primarily responsible for thickening the endometrial lining?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Human Reproductive System and Development: ANP College Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions