Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

It returns excess interstitial fluid and plasma proteins to the bloodstream, maintaining blood volume.

Question 2

Which of the following immune cells is primarily responsible for the direct destruction of virus-infected cells through cell-to-cell combat?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Question 3

A patient has a blockage in the right lymphatic duct. Which region of the body is most likely to experience localized edema as a result?

Accepted Answer

Right upper arm and right side of the head and thorax

Question 4

Which of the following statements about lymph nodes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Lymph nodes contain macrophages and lymphocytes that filter lymph and mount immune responses.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why lymph flow through a lymph node is slow?

Accepted Answer

There are fewer efferent than afferent lymphatic vessels, allowing time for immune cells to act.

Question 6

Which of the following is a unique structural feature of lymphatic capillaries that allows them to absorb large molecules such as proteins and cell debris?

Accepted Answer

Loosely overlapping endothelial cells forming flaplike mini-valves

Question 7

A patient with a malfunction of regulatory T cells is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of autoimmune diseases and severe allergic reactions

Question 8

Which lymphoid organ is responsible for removing aged or defective blood cells and platelets, and also acts as a blood filter?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of lacteals in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

They absorb digested fats from the intestine, forming chyle.

Question 10

Which of the following immune cells is most likely to be involved in the initial, non-specific destruction of any cell displaying foreign antigens, including the body’s own infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Natural Killer (NK) cells

Question 11

A patient undergoes surgical removal of the spleen (splenectomy). Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The liver and bone marrow will compensate for most of the spleen’s functions.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the thymus gland during early life?

Accepted Answer

It secretes hormones that enable T-lymphocytes to become immunocompetent.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of lymph through a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

Afferent vessel → Subcapsular sinus → Medullary sinus → Efferent vessel

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why most people only get chicken pox once?

Accepted Answer

The adaptive immune system forms memory cells that recognize the pathogen upon re-exposure.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system that directly contributes to homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Removal of excess interstitial fluid and tissue debris

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between bacteria and viruses as targets of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria are self-sustaining cells; viruses require host cells to reproduce.

Question 17

Which of the following immune cells is most likely to be found in the later stages of an infection, acting as an antigen-presenting cell to stimulate adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Macrophage

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the white pulp in the spleen?

Accepted Answer

It contains lymphocytes and macrophages for immune surveillance.

Question 19

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT contribute to the movement of lymph through lymphatic vessels?

Accepted Answer

Active pumping by the heart

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of Peyer’s patches in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They are clusters of lymphoid nodules in the intestinal wall that protect against pathogens entering from the digestive tract.

Immunity and the Lymphatic System: Structure and Function

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