Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the inflammatory response in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It increases blood flow and vascular permeability to recruit immune cells to the site of injury or infection.

Question 2

Which immunoglobulin class is the first to be secreted during a primary immune response and is most effective at agglutinating pathogens?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 3

A patient is exposed to the same pathogen for a second time. Which of the following best explains why the secondary immune response is faster and stronger than the primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells rapidly differentiate into plasma cells, producing large amounts of IgG.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a classic sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Question 5

Which process involves the engulfment and destruction of pathogens by immune cells, and what is the name of the vesicle that contains the pathogen after engulfment?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis; phagosome

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of IgA antibodies?

Accepted Answer

They are found in secretions such as breast milk and saliva, providing localized protection.

Question 7

A child receives a cut and bacteria enter the wound. Which line of defense is primarily responsible for the initial response to this infection?

Accepted Answer

Second line of defense: inflammation and phagocytosis

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why swelling (edema) occurs during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Increased capillary permeability allows fluid and immune cells to escape into tissues.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the complement system in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Directly lysing bacterial cell membranes via the membrane attack complex

Question 10

Which immunoglobulin class is the only one that can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 11

A patient with a genetic defect in phagocyte function is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections due to impaired pathogen destruction

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of helper T cells in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and activate cytotoxic T cells.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between the primary and secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

The secondary response is faster and produces more IgG than the primary response.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the antigen-binding site on an antibody?

Accepted Answer

It specifically binds to a unique epitope on an antigen, allowing for targeted immune responses.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a physical barrier in the first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

Intact skin preventing pathogen entry

Question 16

A patient with a deficiency in complement proteins would most likely have which of the following clinical outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections due to impaired lysis of pathogens

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of chemotaxis during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Movement of immune cells toward the site of infection in response to chemical signals

Question 18

Which immunoglobulin class is primarily involved in allergic reactions by binding to mast cells and basophils?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why loss of function can occur during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Swelling and pain can impair movement and normal tissue activity.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of memory cells in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

They enable a faster and stronger response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Immunity: Host Defenses and the Immune Response

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