Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered an innate defense of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

IgG antibodies

Question 2

A female patient presents with a burning sensation during urination, frequent urges to urinate, and cloudy urine. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Cystitis

Question 3

Which organism is the primary biota of the vagina during the childbearing years?

Accepted Answer

Lactobacillus

Question 4

A 25-year-old woman is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. Which of the following is the most common causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why women are more prone to urinary tract infections than men?

Accepted Answer

The female urethra is shorter and closer to the anus

Question 6

Which of the following is a significant virulence factor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that allows it to evade the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Antigenic variation of fimbriae

Question 7

A patient presents with a painless genital ulcer that heals spontaneously, followed weeks later by a widespread rash. Which disease is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Syphilis

Question 8

Which of the following is the main reason the HPV vaccine is recommended for young adolescents?

Accepted Answer

It provides nearly 100% protection against cervical cancer caused by HPV types in the vaccine

Question 9

A newborn develops conjunctivitis shortly after birth. The mother was not screened for sexually transmitted infections. Which two organisms are most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis?

Accepted Answer

It grows intracellularly, avoiding immune detection and causing inflammation

Question 11

A patient with a history of unprotected sex presents with a soft, painful genital ulcer and swollen inguinal lymph nodes. Which is the most likely causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Haemophilus ducreyi

Question 12

Which of the following is a common complication of untreated pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women?

Accepted Answer

Infertility due to fallopian tube scarring

Question 13

Which of the following statements about Trichomonas vaginalis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is a protozoan that often causes asymptomatic infections

Question 14

Which of the following is a key diagnostic feature of bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella species?

Accepted Answer

Presence of clue cells on a vaginal smear

Question 15

Which of the following is the most important risk group for group B Streptococcus infection?

Accepted Answer

Pregnant women and their newborns

Question 16

A patient presents with recurrent, painful vesicular lesions on the genitalia. Which virus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Herpes simplex virus type 2

Question 17

Which of the following is a major virulence factor of Human papillomavirus (HPV) that contributes to cancer development?

Accepted Answer

Activation of oncogenes

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the transmission of Leptospira interrogans?

Accepted Answer

Contact with animal urine through skin abrasions or mucous membranes

Question 19

Which of the following is a recommended strategy to prevent neonatal group B Streptococcus infection?

Accepted Answer

Screening pregnant women at 35–37 weeks and administering antibiotics if positive

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why repeated Chlamydia infections increase the risk of infertility?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia infection leads to chronic inflammation and scarring of the fallopian tubes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology

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