Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can carry out more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize cellular processes.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a bacterial cell and observes that it contains a structure composed of a single, circular DNA molecule associated with proteins. What is this structure called?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the entry and exit of substances.

Question 4

A mutation prevents the addition of a mannose-6-phosphate tag to a protein in a eukaryotic cell. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be secreted from the cell instead of being delivered to the lysosome.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of reduction–oxidation (redox) reactions and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide.

Question 6

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 7

Which of the following processes is responsible for the recycling of damaged organelles within a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy

Question 8

A protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell is synthesized by ribosomes attached to which structure?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the separation of chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 10

A researcher uses a pulse–chase experiment to track the movement of a newly synthesized protein. Which sequence correctly describes the path of the protein through the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → secretory vesicle → plasma membrane

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It allows for the separation of incompatible chemical reactions and increases the efficiency of cellular processes.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the nuclear localization signal (NLS) is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a 17-amino-acid-long sequence that directs proteins to the nucleus.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic flagella are composed of flagellin, while eukaryotic flagella have a '9 + 2' arrangement of microtubules.

Question 14

A mutation in the gene encoding dynein would most likely affect which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Bending movement of cilia and flagella

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It processes, sorts, and ships proteins synthesized in the rough ER.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of actin filaments in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Driving cell crawling and cytoplasmic streaming

Question 17

A cell is unable to detoxify hydrogen peroxide. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Particles bind to receptors on the plasma membrane, which then pinches off to form an endocytic vesicle.

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP, which provides energy for motor proteins like kinesin and dynein?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

190 Ch 7 Inside the Cell: Structure and Function of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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