Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function in anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

The structure of the heart valves causes blood to flow in only one direction when the heart pumps.

Question 2

A physiologist is most likely to study which of the following scenarios?

Accepted Answer

Measuring the change in pH of stomach acid before and after eating and relating it to heartburn symptoms.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes why knowledge of anatomy is important for studying physiology?

Accepted Answer

It is important because how something functions (physiology) is directly dependent on its structure (anatomy).

Question 4

Arrange the following levels of organization from smallest to largest: Tissue, Organ, Molecule, Cell, Organism.

Accepted Answer

C, D, A, B, E

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the levels of organization in anatomy and physiology is most correct?

Accepted Answer

Changes to anatomy or physiology at one level are likely to affect function at many other levels.

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic of the anatomical reference body?

Accepted Answer

Young, low body fat, average height.

Question 7

Which organ system is least responsible for keeping you alive on a day-to-day basis?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system.

Question 8

Which two organ systems allow materials to move from one region of the body to another?

Accepted Answer

Circulatory and lymphatic.

Question 9

Which example most clearly describes a system maintained by homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Blood osmolality is maintained by the kidneys in a range from about 290 to 300 mOsm/kg.

Question 10

Which type of feedback loop moves the system in the opposite direction to the original stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback.

Question 11

Glucagon is a hormone released by the pancreas in response to falling blood glucose levels. The release of glucagon is part of a negative feedback mechanism. What effect would you expect glucagon to have on the body?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon signals the liver to break down glycogen and release the resulting glucose into the bloodstream.

Question 12

What is the role of the effector in a negative feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

The effector integrates stimuli and sends messages for how the body should respond.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

The action of platelets to form a blood clot when you get a paper cut.

Question 14

Why is anatomical position important in the study of anatomy?

Accepted Answer

A-C are all true.

Question 15

The pelvis is __________ to the ribs.

Accepted Answer

Inferior

Question 16

The spine is __________ to the intestines.

Accepted Answer

Posterior

Question 17

The elbow is __________ to the wrist.

Accepted Answer

Proximal

Question 18

Which anatomical term refers to a region that is proximal to the crural region?

Accepted Answer

Patellar

Question 19

Which type of anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?

Accepted Answer

Frontal

Question 20

During a dissection, three of the following organs can be observed by making a single large incision. One cannot be observed by that same incision. Which organ would require its own incision to observe?

Accepted Answer

Brain

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology: Foundational Concepts and Terminology

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