Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the cell membrane in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier, regulating the movement of substances between the intracellular and extracellular environments.

Question 2

Which of the following molecules can most easily diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

O2

Question 3

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of tight junctions in their intestinal epithelium. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased leakage of substances between adjacent cells.

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the Na+/K+ ATPase pump?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the lysosome?

Accepted Answer

Digesting intracellular material and worn-out organelles

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution containing a high concentration of Na+ and glucose. Which transporter would allow glucose to enter the cell against its concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Na+-glucose symporter (SGLT)

Question 8

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires a protein transporter but does not require energy.

Question 9

Which of the following is a hydrophobic molecule that can easily cross the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and facilitates cell movement.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

They allow direct communication between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why water can cross the cell membrane despite being polar?

Accepted Answer

Water is small enough to pass through the lipid bilayer or through specific channel proteins called aquaporins.

Question 14

Which of the following organelles is responsible for ATP production in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is a dynamic structure with proteins and lipids that can move laterally within the layer.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of protein synthesis due to the presence of ribosomes.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of carrier proteins but NOT channel proteins?

Accepted Answer

They undergo conformational changes to move molecules across the membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying and sorting proteins for secretion

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell expels material to the external environment using vesicles.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the movement of glucose into an intestinal epithelial cell from the lumen?

Accepted Answer

It is coupled to Na+ movement via a symporter and requires the Na+ gradient.

Introduction to Human Physiology: The Human Body, Cells, and Homeostasis

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