Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the parietal cells in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor

Question 2

A patient is unable to absorb vitamin B12, leading to anemia. Which stomach cell type is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Question 3

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which urine passes from the collecting duct to the urethra?

Accepted Answer

Collecting duct → Renal pelvis → Ureter → Bladder → Urethra

Question 4

Which of the following is the primary function of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients and most water

Question 5

A blockage at the hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of Oddi) would most directly affect the flow of which substances into the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Bile and pancreatic juice

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the long loop of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons is important?

Accepted Answer

It establishes a medullary osmotic gradient for urine concentration

Question 7

Which layer of the digestive canal wall is primarily responsible for peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Tunica muscularis (muscularis externa)

Question 8

A patient with liver disease has difficulty digesting fats. Which function of bile is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification of fats

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the renal capsule?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a protective barrier and maintains kidney shape

Question 10

If the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close properly, which condition is most likely to result?

Accepted Answer

Gastric reflux (heartburn)

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the passage of filtrate from the Bowman's capsule to the minor calyx?

Accepted Answer

Bowman's capsule → Proximal convoluted tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal convoluted tubule → Collecting duct → Papillary duct → Minor calyx

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and electrolytes, formation of feces

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the urinary system that helps regulate blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of hydrogen ions and reabsorption of bicarbonate

Question 14

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which part of the nephron is most responsible for reabsorbing the majority of water from the filtrate?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the net movement of water in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Water movement is driven by osmotic gradients created by solute absorption

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

Storage of urine

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the pyloric sphincter?

Accepted Answer

Controls passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about cortical nephrons?

Accepted Answer

They make up about 85% of all nephrons and are primarily involved in filtration and reabsorption

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the anal sphincters?

Accepted Answer

Regulate the elimination of feces from the body

Question 20

A patient has a mutation that prevents the secretion of pepsinogen. Which digestive process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of proteins

Lab Exam Review 3: Digestive, Urinary, and Respiratory Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions