Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin in erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates the red bone marrow to increase the production of erythrocytes in response to hypoxia.

Question 2

A patient with type AB- blood can safely receive which of the following blood types in a transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Type AB- and O-

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the AV node delays the impulse during the cardiac conduction cycle?

Accepted Answer

To allow the atria to finish contracting and complete ventricular filling

Question 5

Refer to the first action potential graph (Image 1). What ion movement is primarily responsible for the depolarization phase (labeled 2) in autorhythmic cardiac cells?

Accepted Answer

Influx of $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ ions

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

They sense changes in blood pressure and send signals to the cardiovascular center to adjust vessel diameter and heart rate.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between continuous and sinusoid capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoid capillaries have larger intercellular clefts, allowing passage of large molecules and cells.

Question 8

Which hormone would most likely be elevated in response to a significant drop in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II

Question 9

What is the primary function of the thymus in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

To serve as the site for T lymphocyte maturation

Question 10

Why do lymph nodes have fewer efferent vessels than afferent vessels?

Accepted Answer

To slow lymph flow, allowing more time for immune cells to filter and respond to pathogens

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of interferons in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins.

Question 12

Which type of MHC molecule presents endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

MHC I

Question 13

After clonal selection, most B cell clones become which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells that secrete antibodies

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why blood flow to the lungs is regulated differently than to other tissues?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygen in the lungs causes vasoconstriction to direct blood to better-ventilated areas.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle (refer to Image 2)?

Accepted Answer

It prevents tetanic contractions by ensuring the muscle cannot be re-excited until relaxation begins.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity results from direct exposure to an antigen, while passive immunity results from receiving antibodies produced by another individual.

Question 17

Which of the following is the first phagocyte to arrive at the site of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly relates cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and heart rate (HR)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

They directly kill infected or abnormal cells by inducing apoptosis.

Lecture Test 1 Review: Blood, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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