$$V_{dead\ space} \approx 150\ \text{ml}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between blood capillaries and lymphatic capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries are blind-ended with overlapping endothelial cells forming minivalves, while blood capillaries are continuous tubes.

Question 2

A patient presents with swelling in the left lower limb. Which lymphatic duct is most likely compromised?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic duct

Question 3

Which of the following statements about lymph nodes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lymph nodes filter lymph before it is returned to the venous system and have multiple afferent vessels but few efferent vessels.

Question 4

Which region is NOT drained by the thoracic duct?

Accepted Answer

Right upper limb

Question 5

Which lymphatic trunk is located at the base of the internal jugular vein?

Accepted Answer

Jugular trunk

Question 6

What is the primary function of the thymus?

Accepted Answer

Site of T-cell maturation and differentiation

Question 7

Which structure is responsible for producing surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Type II alveolar cells

Question 8

During swallowing, which structure closes the opening to the trachea?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

It warms and moistens air, and contains anatomical dead space.

Question 10

Which anatomical feature distinguishes tonsils from other MALT lymph nodules?

Accepted Answer

Presence of crypts surrounded by lymphoid follicles

Question 11

A patient has an injury to the cricoid cartilage. Which of the following is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

The only complete ring of cartilage in the larynx

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the histological structure of the trachea?

Accepted Answer

Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and partial rings of hyaline cartilage

Question 13

Which formula best represents the anatomical dead space volume in the conducting zone?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{dead\ space} \approx 150\ 	ext{ml}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the spleen's red pulp?

Accepted Answer

Filtration of blood and removal of old erythrocytes

Question 15

Which anatomical feature is unique to the left lung compared to the right lung?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cardiac notch

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the lymphatic system's drainage pattern?

Accepted Answer

The thoracic duct drains the left half of the body, right pelvis, and right lower limb.

Question 17

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the laryngeal cartilaginous framework?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage plate of the nasal cavity

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the transition in epithelial type as airways branch from primary bronchii to terminal bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

From pseudostratified ciliated columnar to simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the function of the glottis?

Accepted Answer

It is the combination of vocal folds and the rima glottis, involved in speech production.

Lymphatic and Respiratory Systems: Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions