Question 1

Which of the following is a primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Returning excess interstitial fluid to the blood

Question 2

Lymphatic capillaries are uniquely structured to allow the entry of protein-rich interstitial fluid. Which feature is responsible for this increased permeability?

Accepted Answer

Presence of one-way mini valves formed by loosely joined endothelial cells

Question 3

A patient presents with swelling in the lower limb, as shown in the image. Which condition is most likely responsible for this presentation?

Accepted Answer

Lymphedema due to obstruction of lymphatic drainage

Question 4

Which lymphatic duct drains lymph from the majority of the body and empties into the left subclavian vein?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic duct

Question 5

Which of the following cells is responsible for humoral immunity and produces antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 6

The thymus is most active during which period of life, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Early childhood; maturation of T lymphocytes

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymphatic structure?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 8

Which immune cell is primarily responsible for immunological surveillance and destruction of virus-infected and tumor cells?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence for lymph flow from tissues back to the blood?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries → vessels → trunks → ducts

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Removal of old and defective blood cells

Question 11

Which structure is responsible for the absorption of dietary fats in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Lacteals

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It is present at birth and provides immediate response

Question 13

Which of the following is a major function of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of bacteria before they enter the intestinal wall

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct equation for the pressure gradient that drives lymph flow?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta P = P_{interstitial} - P_{lymphatic}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the blood-thymus barrier?

Accepted Answer

It isolates developing T cells from systemic circulation to prevent premature activation

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

They filter lymph and house immune cells such as macrophages, B-cells, and T-cells

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the maturation of T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

T lymphocytes mature in the thymus

Question 18

Which of the following is a major difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity is specific and develops after exposure to antigens

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct function of tonsils?

Accepted Answer

Trapping and destroying pathogens entering the pharynx

Question 20

Which of the following cells is shown in the image with a large, round nucleus and is a key player in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocyte

Lymphatic System and Immunity: Structure, Function, and Defense Mechanisms

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