Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 2

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Swell and possibly burst due to water entering the cell.

Question 3

Which of the following ions is found in higher concentration inside the cell compared to outside?

Accepted Answer

K$$^+$$

Question 4

Facilitated diffusion of glucose across the cell membrane, as shown in the third image, requires:

Accepted Answer

A carrier protein to move glucose down its concentration gradient.

Question 5

Which of the following is an anion?

Accepted Answer

Chloride ions

Question 6

If binding acetylcholine to a chemically gated sodium ion channel opens the channel, what will happen?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions will move into the cell causing a depolarization.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the change in membrane potential during depolarization?

Accepted Answer

The membrane potential becomes less negative.

Question 8

Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 9

What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It pumps Na$$^+$$ out of the cell and K$$^+$$ into the cell, using ATP.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why muscle cells are multinucleate?

Accepted Answer

They are formed by the fusion of multiple myoblasts during development.

Question 11

During muscle contraction, what causes the sarcomere to shorten?

Accepted Answer

The myosin and actin filaments slide between each other to shorten each sarcomere.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ATP is required to detach the myosin head from actin and re-energize the myosin head.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires a carrier protein and moves substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 14

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink due to water leaving the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the A band in a sarcomere during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

The A band remains the same width.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the electrochemical gradient?

Accepted Answer

It is the sum of the chemical and electrical gradients acting on an ion across the membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of skeletal muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the resting membrane potential is negative?

Accepted Answer

There are more positive ions outside the cell than inside.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy from the movement of one substance down its concentration gradient to move another substance against its gradient.

Membrane Transport, Membrane Potential, and Skeletal Muscle Structure: Study Notes for Human Anatomy & Physiology I

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