$$\text{Pyruvic acid} + \text{NADH} + \text{H}^+ \rightarrow \text{Lactic acid} + \text{NAD}^+$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of coenzymes in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Coenzymes transport products from one reaction to another, facilitating the transfer of electrons or functional groups.

Question 2

A patient with phenylketonuria (PKU) has a defective enzyme in the metabolic pathway for phenylalanine. Which enzyme is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Enz1

Question 3

Which process occurs in the cytosol and is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 4

During glycolysis, how many net ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a consequence of end-product inhibition in a branching metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of the final product inhibits an earlier enzyme, redirecting the pathway to produce an alternative product.

Question 6

In aerobic respiration, what is the final electron and hydrogen ion acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 7

Which metabolic process is responsible for the breakdown of glycogen into glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 8

A defect in Enz5 in the phenylalanine metabolic pathway leads to which disease?

Accepted Answer

Alcaptonuria (black urine disease)

Question 9

Which of the following statements about beta-oxidation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Beta-oxidation occurs in the mitochondria and produces acetyl CoA from fatty acids.

Question 10

Which equation represents the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid during anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Pyruvic acid} + 	ext{NADH} + 	ext{H}^+ ightarrow 	ext{Lactic acid} + 	ext{NAD}^+$$

Question 11

Which metabolic pathway allows the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 12

Which organ is primarily responsible for the interconversion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 13

During oxidative phosphorylation, ATP is produced when hydrogen ions flow back through which structure?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a possible fuel molecule for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Question 15

If a patient has a defective Enz6 in the phenylalanine pathway, which condition is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Albinism

Question 16

Which process is described by the equation $$	ext{Glucose} ightarrow 2 	ext{Pyruvate} + 2 	ext{ATP} + 2 	ext{NADH}$$?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 17

Which step in cellular respiration produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation)

Question 18

Which of the following is a waste product of aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$

Question 19

Which process is anabolic and results in the production of glycogen from glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 20

Which pathway is favored when oxygen supply is low in skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid pathway (anaerobic respiration)

Metabolism and Cellular Respiration: Structured Study Notes for ANP College Students

Study Guide - Practice Questions