Q: What is the correct overall equation for cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 36\text{ (or 38) ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following nutrients is NOT generally used by the body to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 2

Which process describes the removal of electrons from a molecule, resulting in a decrease in energy content?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation

Question 3

During cellular respiration, which stage directly produces the greatest number of ATP molecules?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 4

Which of the following best describes an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Forms larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy input

Question 5

What is the correct overall equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 36	ext{ (or 38) ATP}$$

Question 6

Which metabolic pathway is stimulated by insulin and results in the storage of glucose as glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 7

In the absence of oxygen, what is the fate of pyruvic acid produced during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to lactic acid

Question 8

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ acts as an electron carrier, becoming reduced to NADH

Question 10

Which metabolic state is characterized by the use of stored nutrients to maintain blood glucose levels between meals?

Accepted Answer

Post-absorptive state

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is required for the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor, forming water

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of micronutrients in human nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Serve as enzymes or reaction catalysts

Question 13

A patient with impaired thermoregulation is at risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Hypothermia or hyperthermia

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It produces NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain

Question 15

Which process describes the formation of new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, and which hormone stimulates it?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis, stimulated by glucagon and cortisol

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a metabolic pathway and its primary location in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle – mitochondrial matrix

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the fate of excess amino acids in the body?

Accepted Answer

They can be converted into glucose, fatty acids, or used for energy

Question 18

Which of the following statements about lipoproteins is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

HDLs should be above 40 mg/dl for optimal health

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of an exergonic reaction in human metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi

Question 20

A patient is fasting and their blood glucose drops below 80 mg/dl. Which hormone is most likely to be released to restore normal glucose levels, and what process does it stimulate?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon; stimulates glycogenolysis

Metabolism and Nutrition: Overview and Cellular Energy Pathways

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