Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the liver in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It processes nearly every class of nutrients and regulates plasma cholesterol levels.

Question 2

Which lipoprotein is considered 'good' cholesterol and why?

Accepted Answer

HDL, because it transports cholesterol to the liver for degradation.

Question 3

A patient presents with a goiter and symptoms of hypothyroidism. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate dietary iodine leading to continued TSH stimulation

Question 4

Which of the following statements about thyroid hormones is correct?

Accepted Answer

T3 binds more avidly to target tissue receptors and is about 10 times more active than T4.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{height\ (m)^2$}$$

Question 6

Which of the following dietary fats is most likely to increase blood cholesterol levels by stimulating cholesterol synthesis and inhibiting its excretion?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids

Question 7

A child with congenital iodine deficiency syndrome is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Short stature, disproportionate body, and intellectual disability

Question 8

Which hormone is released by adipose tissue and acts to decrease hunger by inhibiting NPY release and increasing CART release?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why restricting dietary cholesterol has only a minor effect on blood cholesterol levels?

Accepted Answer

The liver regulates cholesterol synthesis and excretion more than dietary intake affects levels.

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct effect of thyroid hormone (TH) on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Increases basal metabolic rate and body heat production

Question 11

A patient with Grave’s disease is likely to present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Elevated basal metabolic rate, weight loss, and exophthalmos

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the calorigenic effect of thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

It increases heat production by stimulating glucose oxidation.

Question 13

Which hormone is released from the stomach and is a powerful stimulator of hunger?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 14

Which of the following is a short-term satiety signal released by the small intestine during food digestion?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

The rate at which energy is expended under basal conditions to maintain essential activities

Question 16

Which of the following factors has the greatest influence on basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Surface area

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits bone resorption and stimulates calcium uptake into bone

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why individuals with hypothyroidism often feel cold?

Accepted Answer

Their basal metabolic rate is decreased, reducing heat production.

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible reason why BMI is not a reliable indicator of body fat in athletes?

Accepted Answer

BMI does not account for muscle mass, which is denser than fat.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of leptin resistance in obesity?

Accepted Answer

Obese individuals produce high levels of leptin, but their bodies do not respond to it effectively.

Metabolism and Regulation of Body Temperature: Liver, Lipoproteins, Thyroid Hormones, and Appetite Control

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