$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of vitamins in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins act as coenzymes in energy-related reactions, such as the oxidation of glucose.

Question 2

Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 3

Why are fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than water-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed with dietary lipids and can be stored in the body, except vitamin K.

Question 4

Which of the following minerals is most abundant in the human body and primarily found as bone salts?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 5

What is the primary function of antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E?

Accepted Answer

They disarm tissue-damaging free radicals, protecting against chronic diseases.

Question 6

Which metabolic pathway converts glucose to pyruvic acid?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 7

During the absorptive state, which hormone is primarily responsible for directing metabolic events?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 8

Which glucose transporter is insulin-dependent and found in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

GLUT-4

Question 9

What is the main goal of the postabsorptive state?

Accepted Answer

To maintain blood glucose within the homeostatic range.

Question 10

Which process allows the liver to produce glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors such as amino acids and glycerol?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 11

What happens to blood glucose levels if insulin is not present?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose levels increase, leading to hyperglycemia.

Question 12

Which of the following is a consequence of chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Damage, dysfunction, and failure of organs such as the kidney, eye, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.

Question 13

Which hormone stimulates glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and lipolysis during the postabsorptive state?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 14

In the context of metabolism, what does the phrase 'fats burn in the flame of carbohydrates' mean?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are required for efficient oxidation of fats.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Main source of cellular energy.

Question 16

Which metabolic pathway is stimulated by insulin during the absorptive state?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 17

What is the difference between a keto acid and a ketone body?

Accepted Answer

Keto acids are intermediates in amino acid metabolism, while ketone bodies are produced from fatty acids in the liver.

Question 18

Which of the following equations represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 19

A patient is fasting for more than 5 days. Which fuel source will the brain begin to use in addition to glucose?

Accepted Answer

Ketone bodies

Question 20

Which hormone is a potent hyperglycemic agent, causing the release of glucose into the blood during the postabsorptive state?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Metabolism and Regulation of Body Temperature: Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Hormonal Control

Study Guide - Practice Questions