Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of thermoregulation in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To maintain body temperature within a range that enables cells to function efficiently

Question 2

Which organ is considered the body's main metabolic organ, responsible for processing nearly every class of nutrients and regulating plasma cholesterol levels?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 3

Which of the following statements about lipoproteins is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The higher the percentage of lipid in a lipoprotein, the lower its density

Question 4

Which dietary component most strongly stimulates cholesterol synthesis and inhibits its excretion?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids

Question 5

What is the main reason restricting dietary cholesterol has only a minor effect on blood cholesterol levels?

Accepted Answer

The liver regulates cholesterol synthesis based on the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fats in the diet

Question 6

Which hormone is the most important regulator of basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone (TH)

Question 7

A patient presents with low BMR, puffy eyes, and dry skin. Laboratory tests reveal low thyroid hormone levels. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why T3 is more active than T4?

Accepted Answer

T3 binds more avidly to target tissue receptors

Question 9

Which of the following is a likely consequence of iodine deficiency in a pregnant woman?

Accepted Answer

Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome in the infant, with intellectual disability and abnormal skeletal development

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{[height\ (m)]^2}$$

Question 11

Which hormone is released by adipose tissue in response to increased body mass and acts to decrease hunger?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

It lowers blood calcium by inhibiting bone resorption and stimulating calcium uptake into bone

Question 13

A patient with Grave’s disease is likely to present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Elevated BMR, weight loss, and exophthalmos

Question 14

Which of the following is a short-term satiety signal released by the small intestine during food digestion?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of thyroid hormone on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It increases basal metabolic rate and body heat production by stimulating glucose oxidation

Question 16

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for why obese individuals may not lose significant weight despite high leptin levels?

Accepted Answer

They are leptin-resistant, so their brains do not respond to leptin's satiety signal

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the three-tiered negative feedback system regulating thyroid hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus releases TRH, stimulating anterior pituitary to release TSH, which stimulates the thyroid gland to release T3 and T4

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the effect of surface area on basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

BMR is higher in individuals with greater surface area due to increased rate of heat loss

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a person with hypothyroidism may develop a goiter?

Accepted Answer

TSH continues to stimulate the thyroid gland, causing follicle cell growth, but hormone synthesis is impaired due to lack of iodine

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the energy balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

$$Energy\ Intake = Total\ Energy\ Output\ (heat + work) + Energy\ Storage$$

Metabolism and Regulation of Body Temperature: The Liver, Lipoproteins, Thyroid Hormones, and Appetite Control

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