Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary metabolic fate of glucose in skeletal muscle during the fed state?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is used for energy and stored as glycogen.

Question 2

During the fasted state, which process is primarily responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels for the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 3

Which hormone is secreted by pancreatic beta cells and promotes anabolism in the fed state?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 4

What is the effect of insulin on adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and inhibits lipolysis.

Question 5

Which of the following factors increases insulin secretion according to the provided table?

Accepted Answer

Increased plasma amino acids

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose enters cell → glycolysis → ATP increases → K+ channels close → depolarization → Ca2+ influx → insulin release

Question 7

Insulin binding to its receptor initiates which cellular mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Activation of tyrosine kinase receptor and phosphorylation of insulin-receptor substrates

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a physiological response to glucagon secretion?

Accepted Answer

Increased triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissue

Question 9

A patient with Klinefelter syndrome would have which chromosomal composition?

Accepted Answer

XXY

Question 10

Which process explains why X-linked recessive disorders are more common in males?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will cause the disorder.

Question 11

During embryonic development, what determines whether the bipotential gonad develops into a testis?

Accepted Answer

Presence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for regression of the Müllerian duct during male development?

Accepted Answer

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)

Question 13

If the Müllerian duct persists during development, which structures will form?

Accepted Answer

Fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, and upper part of the vagina

Question 14

Which equation best represents the number of chromosomes in a human diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 15

A cell with the chromosomal composition XO is most likely to result in which syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Turner syndrome

Question 16

Which process is described by the equation $$	ext{Glycogen} ightarrow 	ext{Glucose}$$ and is stimulated by glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted in response to decreased plasma glucose and sympathetic activity, promoting catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in male development?

Accepted Answer

Controls development of external genitalia and prostate

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of non-disjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers, such as trisomy or monosomy

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of insulin on liver and muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates glycogen synthesis and inhibits glycogenolysis

Repro 1 - March 20

Study Guide - Practice Questions