$$BMI = \frac{wt\ (lb) \times 705}{height\ (in)^2$}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of transamination in amino acid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to α-ketoglutaric acid, generating glutamic acid.

Question 2

During oxidative deamination, what happens to the amine group removed from glutamic acid?

Accepted Answer

It is converted into urea after combining with CO$$_2.$$

Question 3

Which metabolic state is characterized by anabolism exceeding catabolism and the storage of excess nutrients as fat?

Accepted Answer

Absorptive state

Question 4

A patient with diabetes mellitus is unable to utilize glucose efficiently. Which metabolic consequences are most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Excessive use of fats and proteins for energy, leading to metabolic acidosis and weight loss

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for directing the events of the absorptive (fed) state?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 6

What is the main goal of the postabsorptive (fasting) state?

Accepted Answer

To maintain blood glucose levels by mobilizing energy reserves

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Direct excretion of glucose into urine

Question 8

Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver?

Accepted Answer

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 9

A person with a BMI of 32 would be classified as:

Accepted Answer

Obese

Question 10

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a method of heat loss from the body?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 11

Which hormone increases basal metabolic rate (BMR) by stimulating oxygen consumption and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Question 12

What is the primary metabolic fate of amino acids in excess of the body's needs for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxidized for energy or converted to fat for storage

Question 13

Which of the following is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Increased waist circumference

Question 14

A patient presents with high LDL and low HDL cholesterol. Which of the following lifestyle changes would most likely improve their lipid profile?

Accepted Answer

Engaging in regular aerobic exercise

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly calculates Body Mass Index (BMI) using weight in pounds and height in inches?

Accepted Answer

$$BMI = \frac{wt\ (lb) 	imes 705}{height\ (in)^2$}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why amino acids cannot be stored in the body like carbohydrates and fats?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids must first be converted to citric acid cycle intermediates before being used for energy.

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of prolonged fasting?

Accepted Answer

Increased use of fatty acids and ketone bodies for energy

Question 18

Which of the following statements about fever is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fever is a controlled hyperthermia, often due to infection, and involves resetting the hypothalamic thermostat.

Question 19

A patient with phenylketonuria (PKU) must avoid which dietary component to prevent neurological damage?

Accepted Answer

Phenylalanine

Question 20

Which of the following is a heat-promoting mechanism used by the body in response to cold?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of cutaneous blood vessels

Metabolism, Energy Balance, and Regulation in the Human Body

Study Guide - Practice Questions