Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

$$1\ \text{glucose} \rightarrow 4\ \text{ATP} - 2\ \text{ATP} = 2\ \text{net ATP}$$

Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the caloric value of macronutrients?

$$1\ \text{g carbohydrate} = 4\ \text{cal}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down organic substances to release energy, while anabolism uses energy to build new organic molecules.

Question 2

During prolonged fasting, which energy reserve is typically mobilized LAST by the body?

Accepted Answer

Proteins from skeletal muscle

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$1\ 	ext{glucose} ightarrow 4\ 	ext{ATP} - 2\ 	ext{ATP} = 2\ 	ext{net ATP}$$

Question 4

A patient with a genetic deficiency in the enzyme lactase will most likely experience which of the following after consuming dairy products?

Accepted Answer

Bloating, gas, and diarrhea due to undigested lactose in the large intestine

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why glucose is the preferred energy source for most cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose can be metabolized both aerobically and anaerobically, and can be quickly mobilized from glycogen stores.

Question 6

Which process describes the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids or glycerol?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 7

A person consumes a meal high in carbohydrates. Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating the absorptive state and promoting glucose uptake by cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 8

Which of the following statements about lipid digestion and absorption is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Micelles transport lipids into intestinal epithelial cells, where they are reassembled into triglycerides and packaged as chylomicrons.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The ETC uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor to generate the majority of ATP during aerobic respiration.

Question 10

A patient has a diet extremely low in protein and develops edema (swelling in the abdomen). Which metabolic disorder is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Kwashiorkor

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the caloric value of macronutrients?

Accepted Answer

$$1\ 	ext{g carbohydrate} = 4\ 	ext{cal}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in cholesterol metabolism?

Accepted Answer

HDL carries cholesterol from tissues and blood to the liver for breakdown.

Question 13

Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to result in bleeding disorders due to impaired synthesis of clotting factors?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the fate of excess dietary carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

They are converted to glycogen in the liver and muscle, and can be converted to triglycerides for storage.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why a balanced diet must include essential amino acids and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

The body cannot synthesize these nutrients, so they must be obtained from food.

Question 16

Which of the following is a primary function of electrolytes in the body?

Accepted Answer

They conduct energy and help regulate fluid balance.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of leptin in appetite regulation?

Accepted Answer

Leptin is secreted by adipose tissue and signals satiety (fullness) to the hypothalamus.

Question 18

A patient with a BMI 25% above their ideal weight and high LDL cholesterol is at increased risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes and hypertension

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of emulsification during lipid digestion?

Accepted Answer

Bile salts break large fat droplets into smaller droplets, increasing surface area for enzyme action.

Question 20

Which of the following metabolic pathways occurs in the cytoplasm and does NOT require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology II

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