Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference in the mode of transport between the nervous and endocrine systems?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system uses axons to transport electrical impulses, while the endocrine system uses blood to transport hormones.

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of increased urination and excessive thirst following a head injury. Laboratory tests reveal glucose-free urine. Which hormone is most likely deficient, and what is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); Diabetes Insipidus

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is lipid-soluble and binds to an intracellular receptor to alter gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why thyroid hormones have a long half-life in the blood?

Accepted Answer

They are bound to transport proteins, which protect them from breakdown.

Question 5

A patient with hyperthyroidism is likely to present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss, warm flushed skin, and insomnia

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a hormone regulated by a humoral stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 7

Which hormone is released from the adrenal cortex and is primarily responsible for increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for peptide hormones such as glucagon?

Accepted Answer

They bind to membrane-bound receptors and activate second messenger systems such as cAMP.

Question 9

A patient with Addison’s disease is likely to have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Decreased cortisol and aldosterone levels

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the effect of up-regulation of hormone receptors?

Accepted Answer

Increased sensitivity to the hormone

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback loop in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood glucose stimulates insulin release, which lowers blood glucose and inhibits further insulin secretion.

Question 13

Which hormone is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland and acts to decrease blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the synergistic effect of hormones?

Accepted Answer

Two hormones acting together produce a greater effect than either alone.

Question 15

A patient with a pituitary tumor has elevated levels of ACTH. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased cortisol secretion from the adrenal cortex

Question 16

Which of the following hormones is secreted in response to low blood oxygen levels and stimulates red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas and acts to increase blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of chronic high levels of growth hormone in adults?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 19

Which hormone is released from the heart in response to increased atrial pressure and acts to decrease blood volume and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic hormone

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why water-soluble hormones generally have a shorter half-life than lipid-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

They are rapidly degraded by enzymes in the blood and are not protected by carrier proteins.

Mini-Textbook Study Guide: The Endocrine System in Human Anatomy & Physiology

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