Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the perichondrium in skeletal cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the outward expansion of cartilage during compression and supplies nutrients and oxygen.

Question 2

A patient presents with a bone fracture that is open to the environment. Which classification best describes this fracture?

Accepted Answer

Open (compound) fracture

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating osteoclast activity to increase blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone contains trabeculae and is organized to resist stress, while compact bone is made of osteons.

Question 5

A child with bowed legs and delayed growth is diagnosed with rickets. Which deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces a hyaline cartilage model, forming most bones below the base of the skull.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of osteocalcin produced by bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Regulates insulin secretion, glucose levels, and metabolism

Question 8

A 70-year-old woman suffers a hip fracture after a minor fall. Her bone density scan shows thin, brittle bones. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why bones are hollow in the center (medullary cavity) in long bones?

Accepted Answer

Because compression and tension forces balance out in the center, allowing for less bone material

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in bone fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They allow nutrients, wastes, and signals to be relayed between osteocytes.

Question 12

A 15-year-old male is still growing. Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is responsible for the rapid division of cartilage cells?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation (growth) zone

Question 13

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of short bones?

Accepted Answer

They are cube-shaped and found in the wrist and ankle.

Question 14

Which of the following is the main inorganic component of bone matrix responsible for its hardness?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate crystals)

Question 15

A patient with a pituitary tumor produces excess growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure. What condition will likely result?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of Sharpey’s fibers?

Accepted Answer

They connect the periosteum to the bone matrix, anchoring tendons and ligaments.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between red and yellow marrow?

Accepted Answer

Yellow marrow can convert to red marrow if a person becomes anemic.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why osteomalacia results in soft bones?

Accepted Answer

There is inadequate mineralization due to lack of calcium and vitamin D.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts secrete lysosomal enzymes and protons to digest bone matrix.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the epiphyseal plate in long bone growth?

Accepted Answer

It allows for lengthwise growth of long bones through interstitial growth of cartilage.

Mini-Textbook Study Notes: Bones and Skeletal Tissue

Study Guide - Practice Questions