Question 1

Which element makes up the largest percentage of the human body by mass, and what is its primary physiological role?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen; it is essential for cellular respiration and water formation.

Question 2

A patient is given a 1% NaCl solution intravenously. How many grams of NaCl are present in 250 mL of this solution?

Accepted Answer

2.5 grams

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between mass and weight?

Accepted Answer

Mass is constant, weight varies with gravity.

Question 4

What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 90.08 g of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) in enough water to make 0.5 L of solution? (Molecular weight of glucose = 180.16 g/mol)

Accepted Answer

$$1.0\ M$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons.

Question 6

A molecule of water ($$H_2O) is $$formed by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 7

Which property of water allows it to moderate temperature changes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 8

What is the main function of ATP in cellular physiology?

Accepted Answer

It provides energy for cellular activities.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes decrease the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 10

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Shrivels due to water loss.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the Na+/K+ pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na+ out of the cell for every 2 K+ in.

Question 13

Which structural level of protein is directly responsible for its unique function?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of fibrous proteins?

Accepted Answer

They are insoluble in water and provide structural support.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a buffer's function in the body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers resist changes in pH by releasing or binding H+ ions.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of molecular chaperones?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 19

Which of the following statements about organic compounds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds always contain carbon and are usually large.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a double displacement (exchange) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$$

Chapters 2 & 3 Molecular Interactions and Cell Chemistry in Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards