Q: Which equation represents the direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate?

$$\text{Creatine phosphate} + \text{ADP} \rightarrow \text{Creatine} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an isometric muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tension increases but the muscle does not change length.

Question 2

A motor unit is defined as:

Accepted Answer

One motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.

Question 3

During a muscle twitch, which phase corresponds to the time when Ca$$^{2+} is $$reabsorbed into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and tension declines to zero?

Accepted Answer

Period of relaxation

Question 4

Which pathway provides the fastest regeneration of ATP during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate (CP)

Question 5

What is the primary cause of muscle fatigue during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Ionic imbalances and increased inorganic phosphate (Pi)

Question 6

Which type of muscle fiber is best suited for maintaining posture?

Accepted Answer

Slow oxidative fibers

Question 7

During resistance (anaerobic) exercise, muscle hypertrophy occurs primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

Increase in fiber size

Question 8

Which equation represents the direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Creatine phosphate} + 	ext{ADP} ightarrow 	ext{Creatine} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a step required for a muscle to return to its pre-exercise state?

Accepted Answer

Accumulating lactic acid in the muscle

Question 10

A muscle fiber that uses aerobic pathways for ATP synthesis and contracts slowly is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Slow oxidative fiber

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why muscle tone is important?

Accepted Answer

It keeps muscles firm, healthy, and ready to respond.

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle compared to skeletal and smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Branching chains of cells with intercalated discs

Question 13

If a person is holding a heavy book at arm’s length without moving, which type of muscle contraction is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Isometric contraction

Question 14

Which of the following statements about muscle twitch is correct?

Accepted Answer

It results from a single action potential from a motor neuron.

Question 15

Which of the following adaptations is most likely to occur in skeletal muscle after prolonged aerobic (endurance) exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increase in muscle capillaries and mitochondria

Question 16

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for muscle fatigue during a marathon?

Accepted Answer

Decreased glycogen stores and ionic imbalances

Question 17

Which muscle fiber type is most likely to predominate in a sprinter’s leg muscles?

Accepted Answer

Fast glycolytic fibers

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding muscle repair and regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle has limited regeneration due to satellite cells.

Question 19

Which of the following equations represents ATP production during anaerobic glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} ightarrow 2	ext{ATP} + 	ext{Lactic acid}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased recruitment of motor units during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Increased strength and duration of contraction

Muscle Contraction and Adaptation: Structure, Function, and Homeostasis

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