Question 1

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the rotator cuff group?

Accepted Answer

Teres major

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness, especially in the pelvis and upper legs, and is diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Which protein is defective in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Dystrophin

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the Overload Principle in muscle physiology?

Accepted Answer

Forcing a muscle to contract against resistance increases its strength and endurance

Question 4

Which muscle is responsible for flexing and laterally rotating the head, and is located deep to the platysma on the anterolateral surface of the neck?

Accepted Answer

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 5

During strenuous exercise, why do muscles begin to shake?

Accepted Answer

Motor units drop out due to fatigue, making contraction jerky

Question 6

Which of the following is a risk factor for muscle cramps?

Accepted Answer

Electrolyte imbalances

Question 7

Which pathway provides the most ATP for muscle activity lasting several hours?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic pathway

Question 8

A patient is exposed to Sarin nerve gas. What is the primary effect on muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Continuous stimulation and contraction due to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding muscle hypertrophy?

Accepted Answer

It involves an increase in the size and number of muscle fibers

Question 10

Which muscle group is considered the most powerful in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris group

Question 11

Which of the following best describes temporal summation in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

An increase in contraction strength due to increased frequency of stimulation

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of slow-twitch muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

They are more resistant to fatigue and suited for endurance activities

Question 13

A patient with Myasthenia Gravis is treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. What is the rationale for this treatment?

Accepted Answer

To prolong the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction

Question 14

Which of the following is a common side effect of anabolic steroid use?

Accepted Answer

Liver damage

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why muscle atrophy occurs during immobilization?

Accepted Answer

Muscle proteins break down and are replaced by connective tissue and adipose

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique feature of smooth muscle compared to skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

It contracts slowly and can maintain contraction for long periods with little energy

Question 17

Which of the following is a primary cause of muscle fatigue during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Ionic imbalances and decreased ATP availability

Question 18

A patient presents with pain in the legs during exercise that improves with rest. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Claudication

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the stress-relaxation response in smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Allows hollow organs to fill or expand without causing a strong contraction

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct result of the recruitment process during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Larger motor units are activated as stimulus strength increases

Muscle Structure, Function, Physiology, and Pathology: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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