Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of muscle tissue in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To transform chemical energy (ATP) into directed mechanical energy, thereby exerting force

Question 2

Which connective tissue sheath directly surrounds each individual muscle fiber in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Which protein is deficient, leading to the symptoms observed in this disease?

Accepted Answer

Dystrophin

Question 4

During muscle contraction, which of the following changes occur in the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

The I band shortens

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate during short-duration exercise?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Creatine~phosphate} + \mathrm{ADP} \rightarrow \mathrm{Creatine} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 6

Which muscle type is characterized by being striated, involuntary, and able to contract without nervous system stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 7

A muscle fiber is unable to relax after repeated stimulation, resulting in a continuous contraction. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Total lack of ATP, causing contractures

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of digestive enzymes

Question 9

Which structure in skeletal muscle is responsible for anchoring thin filaments and connecting myofibrils to one another?

Accepted Answer

Z disc

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference in calcium handling between skeletal and smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle relies more on extracellular calcium influx through caveolae

Question 11

Which of the following is a unique feature of unitary (visceral) smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Fibers are electrically coupled by gap junctions

Question 12

A marathon runner is experiencing muscle fatigue after prolonged exercise. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Ionic imbalances interfering with excitation-contraction coupling

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why smooth muscle can maintain contraction for prolonged periods with little energy cost?

Accepted Answer

Myofilaments may latch together to save energy

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of organizational levels in skeletal muscle from largest to smallest?

Accepted Answer

Muscle → Fascicle → Muscle fiber → Myofibril → Sarcomere

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

It breaks down acetylcholine, terminating muscle fiber contraction

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of multiunit smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

It is innervated by the autonomic nervous system and has motor units

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the stress-relaxation response in smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle responds to stretch by contracting briefly, then adapting to the new length

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the regulation of contraction in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

It is involuntary and regulated by intrinsic pacemaker activity, hormones, and the autonomic nervous system

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of myofilaments in smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Spirally arranged, causing contraction in a corkscrew manner

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of hyperplasia in smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen-induced increase in uterine smooth muscle cells during pregnancy

Muscle Tissue: Structure, Function, and Types

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