Q: Which equation correctly represents the direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate in muscle cells?

$$\text{ADP} + \text{CP} \rightarrow \text{ATP} + \text{Creatine}$$

Q: Which equation best represents aerobic respiration in muscle cells?

$$\text{Glucose} + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + 36\text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the structural difference between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissues?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle cells are long, cylindrical, multinucleated, and striated; cardiac muscle cells are branched, striated, and have intercalated discs; smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped, uninucleate, and lack striations.

Question 2

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds each individual skeletal muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 3

During muscle contraction, which event occurs first after acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

An action potential is generated in the sarcolemma.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ADP} + 	ext{CP} ightarrow 	ext{ATP} + 	ext{Creatine}$$

Question 5

A patient presents with muscle weakness and is diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Which mechanism best explains the symptoms?

Accepted Answer

The body attacks acetylcholine receptors, reducing stimulation of muscle fibers.

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sliding filament model of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

The H zone disappears as the muscle contracts.

Question 7

Which muscle tissue type is capable of hyperplasia, increasing its cell numbers in response to hormonal stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction.

Question 9

Which scenario best illustrates an isometric muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Pushing against a wall with bent elbows.

Question 10

Which of the following is a primary cause of muscle fatigue during strenuous exercise?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of lactic acid and ionic imbalances.

Question 11

Which structure anchors thin filaments in the sarcomere and marks its boundaries?

Accepted Answer

Z disc

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones

Question 13

Which equation best represents aerobic respiration in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 36	ext{ATP}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why rigor mortis occurs after death?

Accepted Answer

ATP is not available to detach myosin heads from actin filaments.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding muscle tone?

Accepted Answer

It is lost when the nerve supply to a muscle is destroyed.

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique feature of cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Presence of intercalated discs for electrical coupling.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of calmodulin in smooth muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It binds calcium ions and activates myosin ATPase.

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of aging on the muscular system?

Accepted Answer

Loss of muscle fibers and increase in connective tissue, resulting in decreased strength.

Question 19

Which disorder is characterized by the lack of dystrophin protein in muscle fibers, leading to muscle degeneration?

Accepted Answer

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Ch 9Muscles and Muscle Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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