Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle is striated and multinucleated, cardiac muscle is striated and branched with intercalated discs, and smooth muscle is non-striated and spindle-shaped.

Question 2

Which muscle type is responsible for voluntary movement and is attached to bones or skin?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 3

During muscle contraction, which structure shortens within the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

The I band

Question 4

Which connective tissue layer surrounds an individual muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 5

A patient is unable to flex their forearm at the elbow. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

They allow rapid transmission of electrical impulses between cells.

Question 7

Which muscle is the prime mover for extension of the thigh at the hip joint?

Accepted Answer

Gluteus maximus

Question 8

What is the main action of the gastrocnemius muscle?

Accepted Answer

Plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between force, load, and muscle contraction in an isometric contraction?

Accepted Answer

$$F_{muscle} = F_{load}$$

Question 10

A muscle with fascicles arranged in concentric rings is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Circular

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why smooth muscle can sustain contractions for longer periods than skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle has slower ATPase activity and uses less energy.

Question 12

Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 13

During excitation-contraction coupling, which ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca^{2+}$$

Question 14

Which of the following muscles is a member of the hamstring group?

Accepted Answer

Semitendinosus

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the action of the tibialis anterior muscle?

Accepted Answer

Dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of connective tissue layers from outermost to innermost in a skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

Question 17

A patient presents with difficulty in breathing due to paralysis of a major muscle involved in inspiration. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a concentric isotonic contraction?

Accepted Answer

The muscle shortens while generating force.

Question 19

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexion of the thigh at the hip joint?

Accepted Answer

Iliopsoas

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the neuromuscular junction is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is released from the motor neuron and binds to receptors on the sarcolemma.

Muscular System: Structure, Function, and Histology

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